第38篇 政府机构改革
　　作为中国政治体制改革重要组成部分的政府机构改革已正式拉开帷幕。政府机构改革是深化经济体制改革、促进经济和社会发展的迫切需要，是国家领导制度改革的重要内容，也是密切政府同人民群众联系的客观要求。
　　China’s government restructuring campaign, an important part of political reform in China, has been formally staged. Restructuring government institutions is urgently needed to deepen the economic restructuring and promote economic and social development in China. It constitutes an important aspect of the reform of the state leadership system and a necessity in bringing the government closer to the people.
　　现有政府机构设置的基本框架，实在计划经济体制的条件下逐步形成的。虽然自改革开放以来进行过多次调整和改革，取得一些进展，但由于历史条件限制和宏观环境制约，很多问题未能得到根本性的解决，机构设置同社会主义市场经济发展的矛盾日益突出。这些问题突出表现在以下几个方面：
　　The basic framework of current government institutions was formed gradually during the time when the country’s economy was predominantly a planned one. Although China has adjusted and reformed government institutions on many occasions and made some progress in government restructuring since its implementation of reform and opening policies, many problems have not been fundamentally solved due to the restrictions imposed by historical conditions and general environment. Consequently, the incompatibilities of government institutions with the development of a socialist market economy have become increasingly apparent. The following problems are most conspicuous in this regard:
　　第一， 政府机构重叠庞大，人浮于事的现象严重，这不仅滋生官僚主义和文牍主义，主张贪污腐败和不正之风，也给国家财政造成了沉重的负担。
　　First, a bloated size and unwieldy organization of government institutions with overlapping functions and serious overstaffing have given rise to bureaucracy and red tape, bred corruption, promoted unhealthy practices, and created a heavy financial burden on the state.
　　第二， 政企不分，政府直接干预企业的生产经营活动，不能形成科学决策的投资体制，容易造成责任不清和决策失误，难以发挥市场在资源配置中的基础作用。
　　Second, the functions of the government fail to be separated from those of enterprises. The government often has a direct hand in the operation of enterprises, which makes it difficult to establish an investment system based on scientific decision making, but easy to lead to non-accountability an wrong decision making. Consequently, the market can hardly play a fundamental role in the allocation of resources.
　　第三， 政府主要依靠行政手段来管理经济和社会事务，许多本来应该运用法律手段，或者通过社会中介组织来处理的事务，却通过设立政府机构加以管理，使政府负担过重。
　　Third, the government manages economic and social affairs mainly through administrative means. Many of the matters that should have otherwise been dealt with by legislation or through social intermediate organizations are managed by extra government departments, thus creating extra responsibilities for the government.
　　这次机构改革的目标是按照发展社会主义市场经济的要求，根据精简、统一、效能的原则，转变政府职能，建立办事高效、运转协调、行为规范的行政管理体系，完善公务员制度，建立高素质和专业化行政管理干部队伍。改革的重点是调整和撤销那些直接管理经济的专业部门，加强宏观调控和执法监管部门。我们要按照权责一致的要求，调整部门的权责权限，明确划分部门之间的职责分工，完善行政运行机制。
　　We will carry out this reform in accordance with the requirements for developing a socialist market economy and by following the principle of simplification, uniformity and efficiency. We will shift the functions of the government and separate them from those of enterprises so as to establish a highly efficient, well-coordinated and standardized administrative system. We will improve the system of public servants, building a contingent of administrators who are highly competent and professionally specialized. The reform will focus on recognizing or canceling departments directly in charge of economic management, and on reinforcing macro-control departments as well as those that enforce the law and supervise law enforcement. In accordance with the requirements of integrating power with responsibility, we should readjust and reduce the responsibilities of various departments of the government and improve its administrative operating mechanism.
　　所有政府机关及其工作人员都必须认真执行国家的法律、法规和政策。各级领导干部都要依法行政，忠实履行自己的职责，勤政廉政，提高办事效率。
　　All government institutions and functionaries must implement state laws, decrees and policies. Leading cadres at all levels should faithfully perform their official duties according to law as industries, honest and efficient administrators.

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