诗歌翻译:孙武·《孙子兵法-谋攻篇》英文译文

小编导读：《孙子兵法--谋攻篇》是春秋末年的齐国人孙武的作品。谋攻篇是《孙子兵法》的第三篇，高度总结了中国古代用兵之道，具有极高的学习实践价值。

《孙子兵法---谋攻篇》

孙子曰：凡用兵之法，全国为上，破国次之；全军为上，破军次之；全旅为上，破旅次之；全卒为上，破卒次之；全伍为上，破伍次之。是故百战百胜，非善之善也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。

故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。攻城之法为不得已。修橹轒辒 具器械、三月而后成，距闉，又三月而后已。将不胜其忿，而蚁附之，杀士三分之一而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。

故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，必以全争于天下，

故兵不顿而利可全，此谋攻之法也。

故用兵之法，十则围之，五则攻之，倍则分之，敌则能战之，少则能逃之，不若则能避之。故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也。

夫将者，国之辅也。辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。

故君之所以患于军者三：

不知军之不可以进而谓之进，不知军之不可以退而谓之退，是为縻军；

不知三军之事而同三军之政者，则军士惑矣；

不知三军之权而同三军之任，则军士疑矣。

三军既惑且疑，则诸侯之难至矣，是谓乱军引胜。

故知胜有五：

知可以战与不可以战者胜；

识众寡之用者胜；

上下同欲者胜；

以虞待不虞者胜；

将能而君不御者胜。

此五者，知胜之道也。

故曰：知己知彼，百战不贻；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必贻。

Attacking by Stratagem

Sun Wu

Sunzi said: 

Generally in war, the best policy is to take the enemy state whole and intact, to destroy it is not. To have the enemy's army surrender in its entirety is better than to crush it; likewise, to take a battalion, a company or a five-man squad intact is better than to destroy it. Therefore, to fight a hundred battles and win each and every one of them is not the wisest thing to do. To break the enemy's resistance without fighting is.

Thus, the best policy in war is to thwart the enemy's strategy. The second best is to disrupt his alliances through diplomatic means. The third best is to attack his army in the field. The worst policy of all is to attack walled cities. 

Attack a walled city only when there is no alternative. For it takes at least three months to make mantlets and shielded vehicles ready and prepare the necessary arms and equipment; for it takes another three months to build the earthen mounds for soldiers to ascend the walls. The commander who loses his impatience orders his troops to assault like swarming ants, with the result that one third of his men are slain and the city remain untaken. Such is the calamity of attacking walled cities. 

Therefore, he who is skilled in war subdues the enemy's army without fighting. He captures the enemy's cities without assaulting them. He overthrows the enemy kingdom without prolonged operations in the field. By taking all under heaven with his "whole and intact strategy," he wins total victory without wearing out his troops. This is the method of attacking by stratagem.

Consequently, the art of using troops is: when you outnumber the enemy ten to one, surround him; when five to one, attack him; when two to one, divide him; and if equally matched, stand up to him. (tr.: Another version of the text reads "when two to one, stand up to him; and if equally matched, divide him.") If you are fewer than the enemy in number, retreat. If you are no match for him, try to elude him. For no matter how stubbornly a small force may fight, it must in the end succumb to greater strength and fall captive to it.

The commander is the country's bulwark. His proficiency in war can make the country strong, his deficiency makes it weak.

There are three ways by which a sovereign may bring disaster to his army:

One, he arbitrarily orders his army to advance or retreat when in fact it should not, thus hampering the initiative of the army.

Two, he interferes with the administration of the army when he is ignorant of its internal affairs, thus causing confusion among the officers and men.

Three, he interferes with the officers' command, unaware of the principle that an army should adopt different tactics according to different circumstances. This will create misgivings in the minds of the officers and men.

When an army is confused and fraught with misgivings, neighboring states will take advantage of the situation and attack. This will disrupt the army and help the enemy to win.

Therefore, there are five factors to consider in anticipating which side will win, namely:

The side which knows when to fight and when not to will win;

The side which knows the difference between commanding a large army and a small army will win;

The side which has unity of purpose among its officers and men will win;

The side which engages enemy troops that are unprepared with preparedness on its own part will win; and

The side which has a capable commander who is free of interference from the sovereign will win.

Bearing these points in mind, one is able to forecast victory in a war.

Therefore I say: Know your enemy and know yourself and you can fight a hundred battles without peril. If you are ignorant of the enemy and know only yourself, you will stand equal chances of winning and losing. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you are bound to be defeated in every battle.

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