北京天译时代翻译培训公司整理了“业内新闻：国际货币基金组织总裁拉加德清华大学演讲(中英对照)”，希望对想掌握翻译经验的译员有所帮助。
　　China’s Youth: Global Leaders, Global Citizens
　　中国的年轻一代：全球领导者，全球公民
　　By Christine Lagarde
　　Managing Director, International Monetary Fund
　　克里斯蒂娜?拉加德
　　国际货币基金组织总裁
　　Tsinghua University, Beijing
　　北京，清华大学
　　Good afternoon— Xia Wu hao! 下午好！
　　下午好！
　　It is a great privilege to come to Tsinghua University: one of the oldest and best universities in China—and one of the most beautiful in the world! It reminds me of the famous phrase in China, Tian Ren He Yi, Harmony of Human Beings and Nature, 天人合一. This concept of “Harmony”—between the environment and people, between China and the world, between the present and the future. Between you and me! This is what I would like to discuss with you today.
　　很荣幸来到清华大学：这里是中国历史最悠久的和最优秀的大学之一，也是世界上最美丽的大学之一！ 这让我想到了中国的一句历史名言“天人合一”， 即人类与大自然的和谐。和谐这一概念包括人类与自然的和谐一致、中国与其他国家和地区的和谐一致、现在和未来的和谐一致、还有你和我之间的和谐一致！这些就是我今天希望与你们探讨的重点。
　　Let me thank Ms. WU Xiaoling for her warm welcome. I would also like to acknowledge the presence of Mr. CHEN Jining, President of Tsinghua University; and Ms. HU Xiaolian, Deputy Governor of the People’s Bank of China. And thank you all for being here today. I see in your faces not just the youth of China, I see the future of China—and the future leaders of China.
　　首先感谢吴晓灵院长的热情接待和介绍，特别要提到的是陈吉宁校长和人民银行胡晓炼副行长也在现场参加今天的活动。我非常感谢今天在座的诸位。我从你们脸上看到的不仅是中国的年轻一代，而且还看到了中国的未来——中国的未来领导者。
　　This is not so surprising since, after all, Tsinghua is the Alma Mater of some of China's most influential leaders—Xi Jinping, Hu Jintao, Zhu Rongji and Zhou Xiaochuan; renowned academics—two Nobel Prize winners in physics (Lee Tsung-Dao and Yang Chen-Ning); and top-notch professionals in science, engineering, and many other fields.
　　这并不令人奇怪，因为清华大学是中国一些最具影响力的领导人的母校，包括习近平、胡锦涛、朱镕基、周小川等；是很多学术泰斗的母校，包括诺贝尔物理学奖的两位得主（李政道和杨振宁）；也是理工科和许多其他领域的顶尖专业人士的母校。
　　Visiting China, as I do often, it is almost like watching its success story unfold before my eyes. In the span of just one generation, China has transformed itself from an inward-looking, less-developed economy into a manufacturing powerhouse and the largest trading nation in the world. Over this period, per capita income has increased nearly twenty-fold, and more than 500 million people have been lifted out of poverty.
　　我经常来中国，每次的中国之旅都感觉自己正在亲历中国的成功故事。中国仅仅用了一代人的时间，就从一个封闭的、欠发达的经济体变成了一个制造业大国、世界最大贸易国。在这期间，人均收入增长了近二十倍，五亿人摆脱了贫困。
　　In many ways, Tsinghua's motto “Self discipline and social commitment” embodies the spirit that has distinguished China’s success—diligently building on the past in pursuit of an even better future.
　　清华的校训是“自强不息，厚德载物”，它在很多方面体现了中国的成功所凭借的一种精神——勤奋汲取过去的经验，努力创造更美好的未来。
　　So what is next? As China grows to become the largest economy in the world, you will be the next generation of global leaders—in business, in government, and in civil society. What an exciting prospect! But also, what a great challenge!
　　接下去怎么办？随着中国即将成为世界最大的经济体，你们将成为下一代的全球领导者——商界、政界、民间社会的领导者。这是多么令人兴奋的前景！但同时，这又是多么巨大的挑战！
　　In that context, let me discuss three topics:
　　就此，我来谈谈三个问题：
　　(i) The 21st century world that you are entering
　　一、你们正在走入的 21 世纪的世界
　　(ii) How China can make the most of this new world
　　二、中国如何最大程度地从这一新的世界中获益
　　(iii) The importance of global citizenship
　　三、全球公民精神的重要性
　　1. The New 21st Century World
　　一、21世纪的新世界
　　Two defining features of today's new global economy are the rise of Asia and the power of interconnections.
　　当今新的全球经济有两个清晰的特征，一是亚洲的崛起，二是互联性的影响。
　　Less than fifty years ago, the emerging markets and developing countries accounted for less than a quarter of global GDP. Today, it is half and rising rapidly—very likely to two-thirds of global GDP within the next decade.
　　不到五十年前，新兴市场和发展中国家在全球 GDP 中所占份额不到四分之一。今天，这一份额达到一半，并且在迅速上升——今后十年里，很可能升到全球 GDP 的三分之二。
　　Asia, and China in particular, are key drivers of this astounding growth. With it comes the remarkable rise of a global middle class—the rising aspirations of global citizens. In fact, some studies claim that the global middle class will exceed 5 billion people in 2030—up from only 2 billion today.
　　亚洲，特别是中国，是这一惊人增长的主要驱动力。随着经济快速增长，全球中产阶级显著扩大——全球公民的诉求也将愈加彰显。事实上，一些研究指出，2030年，全球中产阶级将超过50 亿人，而当前仅有 20 亿人。
　　Just as this new global economy will continue to expand, it will also continue to draw closer together. Countries today are interconnected in ways that would have been unimaginable to your mothers and fathers when they were your age.
　　在全球新经济持续增长的同时，这个体系也变得愈加紧密。各国今天的相互紧密联系，是你们的父母在你们这个年纪的时候所无法想象的。
　　Think of trade: not only has global volume grown exponentially, but so have global supply chains—with more than half of total manufactured imports now "intermediate"—made from components from different countries. As the manufacturing hub of the Asian supply chain, China is at the vanguard of this trade integration.
　　看一看贸易：不仅是全球贸易量飞速增长，而且全球供给链也迅速扩张——在制造业进口总额中，有一半以上是“中间品”，是用来自不同国家的零件制造而成的。作为亚洲供给链的制造中心，中国处在这种贸易一体化的先锋位置。
　　The same is true of financial flows. In the two decades before the crisis in 2008, global bank lending—as a share of world GDP—rose by 250 percent. As more countries, like China, open up to the global economy, these financial flows will increase further, and will take different routes and pipes and connections. (Internet banking is around the corner).
　　资金流动也是如此。2008 年危机前的二十年里，以占全球 GDP 比率衡量的国际银行贷款增加了 250%。随着包括中国在内的更多国家向全球经济开放，这类资金流动将进一步增加而且会通过不同的渠道和网络。
　　The power of interconnections is perhaps most visible in communications. Some call it the "hyper-connected world"—and once again, it is driven in large part by Asia and other emerging economies. Today in China, for example, virtually everyone has a mobile device--and thus a potential connection to the internet, and a potential connection to the world.
　　互联力量在通信行业最为明显。一些人将当今的世界称为“超级联系的世界”——同样，这在很大程度上也是亚洲和其他新兴经济体驱动的。例如，中国现在几乎每个人都有一部移动设备，因此人人都有可能联到互联网，都有可能联到整个世界。
　　So a new and exciting future is being forged even as we speak—or perhaps I should say even as we tweet! It is a world of limitless opportunities and amazing potential. We are used to labels that say “made in China”. But this world is truly “made for China”.
　　所以，正当我们在此谈话——或许我应该说，正当我们使用微博时，一个新的、激动人心的未来世界正在悄然形成！那是一个充满无限机会和惊人潜力的世界。我们已经习惯“中国制造”的标签。但这个世界实际上也是“为中国而打造的”。
　　2. How China Can Make The Most of This New World
　　二、中国如何最大程度地从这一新的世界中获益
　　Which takes me to my second point—how can China make the most of this new world? I see three major dimensions: “think services, think inclusion, think green.” What do I mean?
　　下面我就来谈谈第二点——中国怎样最大程度地从这一新的世界中获益？我认为有三个方面：“服务、包容性、环保”。具体是什么意思呢？
　　(i) Think Services
　　（一）服务
　　China’s current growth model has made it the manufacturing hub for the world. But this can only take you so far. China must now take the next step—moving further up the value-added chain with a services sector driven by productivity and innovation. For this, a top-notch education system and a modern, globally integrated financial system will be key.
　　中国当前的增长模式使其成为世界制造中心。但经济依靠这种增长模式就只能走这么远了。中国现在必须迈出下一步——在增值链上进一步攀升，通过提高生产率和创新力来推动服务业增长。为此，构建顶尖的教育体系以及现代化、全球一体化的金融体系是关键。
　　Certainly, China has made significant strides by investing in education and knowledge-based activities. The resources allocated to research and development have been raised to 2 percent of GDP—at par with many advanced economies.
　　当然，中国在教育和知识型活动的投资方面已经取得长足进展。研发资金已提高到占GDP 的 2%，与许多先进经济体持平。
　　China now ranks first globally in terms of assessment in reading, mathematics and science.
　　在阅读、数学和科学能力评估方面，中国目前在全球排第一位。
　　Great progress—but to continue to nurture innovation, these investments must be sustained and expanded. They also need to be "internationalized"—to benefit from greater collaboration and knowledge exchange across countries.
　　进展很大——但是，为了继续鼓励创新，必须维持和扩大这些投资。这些投资还需要“国际化”，从各国间的更多协作和知识交流中获益。
　　Innovation and enterprise also require a modern, resilient financial sector that can bring together savers and entrepreneurs to produce new incomes and jobs. China has vast savings and is already home to some of the largest banks in the world. Further measures to open up the financial system will turn domestically-oriented institutions into global players.
　　创新与创业还要求有一个现代化的、具有抗冲击能力的金融部门，将储蓄者与创业者一起调动起来，创造新的收入和就业机会。中国有庞大的储蓄，有着世界最大的一些银行。采取措施进一步放开金融体系，将使那些国内业务为主的金融机构转变为全球参与者。
　　And as future supervisors and regulators of this integrated financial system, you will need to ensure that these players abide by rules that safeguard financial stability—both domestic and global. That is a big lesson we all learned from the financial crisis.
　　作为这个一体化的金融体系的监管者，你们需确保这些参与者能遵守维护金融稳定的规则——不仅是国内的金融稳定，还有全球的金融稳定。这是我们从金融危机中吸取的重要教训。
　　(ii) Think Inclusion
　　（二）包容性
　　In many parts of the world, economic growth has come at the expense of rising inequality. China is no exception—disparities between coastal and inland areas, rural and urban regions, and even between the rich and poor within rural areas and cities.
　　在世界很多地方，经济的增长带来了不平等的加剧。中国也不例外——沿海与内陆地区、农村与城市地区之间的差距在扩大，甚至农村和城市内部的贫富差距也在扩大。
　　Recent IMF studies have shown that unequal societies grow less, and when they do grow, growth is less sustainable. Inequality also erodes the social fabric.
　　基金组织的近期研究显示，不平等的社会增长得较慢，即使增长，也不太能持续。不平等还会侵蚀社会结构。
　　Improving access to education, health care, and financial services can be powerful forces in overcoming inequality. The right kind of redistributive policies, such as progressive taxation and a strong safety net, can also help.
　　改善教育、医疗保健和金融服务的获得渠道，是消除不平等的有力途径。合理的再分配政策，如累进性征税和强有力的安全网，也能发挥作用。
　　As Lao Tzu wisely said: “The most empowering way is to inspire people so that they become able to realize their own potential.”
　　老子有一句名言：“悠兮其贵言，功成事遂，百姓皆谓我自然”。就是说，最有效的办法是激励人们，让他们能够发掘自己的潜力。
　　What about gender inequality? By several measures, China is virtually at par with advanced economies. At 46 percent of its labor force, China’s women are advancing at rates nearly as strong as its overall expansion.
　　性别不平等呢？按几个指标衡量，中国的性别平等程度都与先进经济体相当。在中国的劳动力中，女性占 46%，女性的发展与全民的发展几乎保持同步。
　　In Chinese companies, nearly 20% of CEOs are women. This is compared to only 4 percent of women in the Standard and Poor’s 500 companies. So women in China are certainly making their mark.
　　在中国的企业中，有近 20%的首席执行官是女性。而标普 500 的企业这一比例仅为4%。所以，中国女性确实成就不凡。
　　Yet it is important to remember that some women are still left behind. Many women in rural China, for example, are eking out a living while shouldering heavy domestic responsibilities. If China is to realize its nearly boundless potential, it must remove these obstacles.
　　但同时也必须记住，一些妇女仍落在后面。例如，中国农村的许多妇女一面艰难地维持生计，一面还担负着沉重的家庭责任。中国若要充分实现其巨大的潜能，就必须消除这些障碍。
　　I would like to call on all women students here today to advance—and to bring along other women to succeed as well. I would like to call on the male students to support this as well—because it is a sound investment in your families, and your future.
　　我号召今天在这里的所有女学生都要继续努力——带领其他女性一起走向成功。我也要呼吁男学生为此提供支持——因为这是对你们的家庭、你们的未来的有益投资。
　　My main point here is that by making growth more equitable and inclusive, it becomes more sustainable. And more sustainable growth is good for China—and good for the world.
　　我在这里想说的主要一点是，提高经济增长的公平性和包容性，能让经济增长更可持续。更可持续的增长对中国有好处，对世界也有好处。
　　You can help guide China to a more inclusive and more sustainable future.
　　你们可以引导中国走向更具包容性、更具持久性的未来。
　　(iii) Think Green
　　（三）环保
　　China’s tremendous strides in economic development have come with a heavy price tag—poor air quality, water shortages, and rising desertification.

　　中国经济发展的巨大成就是以沉重的代价取得的——空气质量恶化、水资源短缺、沙漠化日益严重。

　　By 2030, China’s cities will have added 350 million more people—more than the entire population of the United States today. Five million buildings will be built; 50,000 of these will be skyscrapers—the equivalent of ten New York cities.

　　到 2030 年，中国的城市将增加 3.5 亿人——比目前美国总人口还多。500 万栋楼房将拔地而起，其中 5 万栋将是摩天大楼——相当于十个纽约城。
　　How is all this to be managed?
　　中国将如何管理这一切？
　　The good news is that China has taken important steps to improve its environmental footprint—from spearheading innovation and implementation of renewable energy, to legislation to curb polluting industries. But as those who study, live, and breathe here in Beijing know only too well, there is still a long way to go.
　　好消息是，中国已采取重要步骤改善其环境发展状况——例如在可再生能源创新和实践方面的积极探索，以及颁布法律限制污染行业。但是，正如在北京学习、生活和呼吸的人们所再熟悉不过的，在这方面还有太多的工作要做。
　　You can help China to get there. You can be the innovators who will find new ways to grow, while keeping your communities’ air and water safe. You will be the business people who do not just follow, but lead in shaping regulation and environmentally responsible business behavior.
　　你们可以帮助中国实现这些目标。你们可以成为创新者——找到新的途径促进经济增长，同时保证空气和水的安全。你们可以成为新一代企业家——不仅仅是遵守规则，而且还能带头营造监管制度，鼓励对环境负责的商业行为。
　　As future leaders, I urge you to be China's "green conscience."
　　你们是未来的领导者，我希望你们成为中国“环保良知”的秉持者。
　　3. The Importance of Global Citizenship
　　三、全球公民精神的重要性
　　Which brings me to my third and last point—the importance of citizenship, especially global citizenship. In our fast-paced, interconnected world, success will depend, more than ever before, on recognizing our common challenges and our common hopes.
　　正因如此，我下面就来谈谈第三点，也是最后一点——公民精神、特别是全球公民精神的重要性。在我们这个节奏快、联系紧的世界中，成功与否取决于我们对共同挑战和共同希望的认知，这一点在当前比以往任何时候都更加重要。
　　Think about climate change. We all breathe the same air, the same seas wash across all shores. We all rely on the same sun to warm us, the same rains to feed us, the same waters to nourish us. We need to protect these resources before they turn against us.
　　想一想气候变化。我们呼吸着同样的空气。相同的海水冲刷着所有的海岸。我们依赖同一个太阳给予温暖，依赖同样的雨水给予滋养。我们现在就需要保护这些资源，而不能等到大自然与我们反目成仇的那一天。
　　I have called for a stronger form of international cooperation—a "new multilateralism" for the 21st century—to help us all adapt to this new world that is more interconnected, yet more dispersed in terms of power and decision-making. Increasingly, again as I have argued, a country’s own success will depend on how effectively it cooperates with others.
　　我已呼吁加强国际合作——21 世纪的“新多边主义”。我们处在一个新的世界，相互联系更加紧密，但在权力分布与决策方面，则更加分散。强化合作有助于我们对这一新的世界做出调整。正如我已经指出的，一国自身的成功越来越取决于与其他国家的有效合作。
　　And when we speak of cooperation, we must speak of the IMF. It is the premier forum for economic cooperation in the world today. We do this through our annual check-ups of every country’s economy (we call this “surveillance”); through lending to countries in their time of need; and through capacity building and technical assistance.
　　说到合作，我们必须提到国际货币基金组织。基金组织是当今世界经济合作的首要论坛。我们对每个国家的经济进行年度检查（我们称为“监督”），在成员国需要时向它们提供贷款，并开展能力建设和技术援助，以所有这些方式促进经济合作。
　　Above all, we help analyze the “spillover” effects of one country’s policies on others. In the future, we feel this will be one of our most valuable contributions in the interconnected global economy.
　　特别是，我们在分析一个国家的政策对其他国家的“溢出”效应。我们认为，在相互联系的全球经济中，这种分析今后将是我们最有价值的工作之一。
　　I am very proud of the great partnership between China and the IMF. As one of our founding members, we have walked the road together in the 70 years since the IMF was founded: helping each other, and also learning from each other’s experience.
　　我对中国与基金组织之间的良好合作备感骄傲。中国是基金组织的创始成员国之一，我们一同走过了基金组织成立以来的70 年风风雨雨：互相帮助，互相学习。
　　We will continue to be by China’s side as it strives to fulfill its “dream”.
　　在中国努力实现“梦想”的过程中，我们将继续与你们并肩站在一起。
　　Let me also mention that Chinese nationals are already making their mark in many international institutions, including at the IMF. We have benefited from the deep talents of Chinese staff at both senior management level and on our staff.
　　我还想说的一点是，在包括基金组织在内的很多国际机构中，中国人早已做出不凡贡献。基金组织的高级管理层和工作人员层都有中国人的身影，其优异的才华令我们受益匪浅。
　　I am particularly grateful to Deputy Managing Director Min Zhu for his insights and dedication; to Jianhai Lin, Director of the department that supports our Executive Board representing 188 member countries; and of course to our very capable Executive Director for China, Tao Zhang, a graduate of Tsinghua University! We also have five graduates from Tsinghua. We continue to replenish our pipeline through recruiting talented young Chinese graduates into our Economist Program and at mid-career levels. I encourage you all to consider joining us!
　　我特别要感谢基金组织副总裁朱民的深刻见解和敬业精神，感谢秘书长林建海领导秘书部为代表 188 个成员国的执董会提供支持，当然还有你们清华大学的优秀毕业生，代表中国的执行董事张涛先生。我们还有毕业于清华大学的五名工作人员。我们继续通过“经济学家计划”以及在“中期职业”层级录用才华横溢的中国年轻人，扩大我们的队伍。我鼓励你们考虑加入基金组织。
　　As the future leaders of China, you have a special role—both your legacy and your destiny. It does not matter so much whereyou work; it is more how you work and the values you bring to it.
　　作为中国未来的领导者，你们扮演着特殊的角色——你们承继着过去，你们肩负着未来。你们在哪里工作并不重要，重要的是你们怎样工作，你们带来什么样的价值。
　　Conclusion: Global Leaders, Global Citizens
　　结语：全球领导者，全球公民
　　Let me conclude.
　　我来做个总结。
　　A wise Chinese proverb once said: “Each generation will reap what the former generation has sown.”
　　一则深刻的中国格言这样说：“前人栽树，后人乘凉”。
　　China has already established its leadership position in the global economy. As the country continues to grow, its global leadership will become even more important.
　　中国已经在全球经济中树立了领导地位。随着中国继续成长，其全球领导地位将愈发重要。
　　As future leaders, you will be the architects of China’s bright future and heirs of its vast potential. And as global leaders, you will make a unique contribution not only to China, but to the entire world.
　　作为未来的领导者，你们将是中国美好未来的设计者，中国巨大潜力的继承者。作为全球领导者，你们将为中国乃至整个世界做出独特的贡献。
　　You will become global citizens. Embrace it.
　　你们将成为全球公民。让我们拥抱这样的美好未来吧。
　　Thank you, Xie Xie.
　　谢谢。

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