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　　中非携手 共同发展
　　Working Together for Common Development
　　田学军
　　Tian Xuejun
　　二十一世纪已走过十五个年头，中国和非洲的快速发展，无疑是过去十多年来国际上最重要的事件之一。过去十多年，也是中非关系快速发展的黄金时期，双方传统友谊进一步巩固，政治互信日益提升，各领域务实合作不断深化，在国际和地区事务中的协调与合作不断加强，中国与非洲已结成休戚与共的命运共同体，一个不断发展进步的中国，必将为非洲提供重要而广阔的发展机遇，一个崛起和复兴的非洲，也将为中国的发展提供重要助力。
　　The first 15 years of the 21st century have witnessed fast development in China and Africa, which is no doubt one of the most significant events in the world in this period of time. It was also a golden age for the rapid growth of China-Africa relationships. China and Africa have become a community of shared destiny, with deepened traditional friendship, increased political mutual trust, closer practical cooperation in various areas, and strengthened coordination and cooperation in international and regional affairs.
　　A developing China will for sure bring enormous development opportunities to Africa, while an emerging and rejuvenating Africa will in turn inject an important impetus into China’s development.
　　一、中国发展新态势将给世界和非洲带来新机遇
　　New opportunities for Africa and the world arising from the new development momentum in China
　　新中国成立66年来，特别是改革开放30多年来，中国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就。2012年中国共产党十八大以来，以习近平为总书记的新一届中央领导集体提出了一系列治国理政的新思路、新政策、新举措，全面推动中国发展进入新境界。当今的中国，正站在新的历史起点上，以一个崭新的面貌展现在世界面前，主要体现在：
　　In the past 66 years, since the founding of New China, and particularly in the past 30 years since the launch of the reform and opening-up programme, China has scored remarkable achievements in its development. After the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012, the new central leadership, with Xi Jinping as General Secretary, has put forth a new vision, and introduced new policies and measures on governance. Thus China is now standing at a new historical starting point with brand new features.
　　——一个更加成熟自信的中国。中国开创和发展了中国特色社会主义道路，不仅为中华民族伟大复兴提供了重要制度保障，也为人类社会走向美好未来提供了值得借鉴的道路和制度选择。66年来，中国的社会生产力、综合国力实现了历史性跨越，国内生产总值从1949年的180亿美元增长到2013年的9.24万亿美元，人民生活水平实现了从贫困到温饱再到总体小康。中国从来没有像今天这样如此接近民族复兴的目标。过去的实践证明，我们的道路选对了，我们的制度选对了，我们要坚定不移地沿着中国特色社会主义道路走下去。展望未来，中国人民对实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标满怀期待，对实现中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”充满信心。
　　China is more mature and confident. China has initiated and embarked on a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which serves not only as an important institutional guarantee for the great renewal of the Chinese nation, but also as a pathway and system that others may choose when striving for a better future for human society. In the past 66 years, China has made historic progress in social productivity and overall national strength. Its GDP increased from $18 billion in 1949 to $9.24 trillion in 2013, and its people were first lifted out of poverty, and then had enough food and clothing, and now enjoy a life of initial prosperity. China has never been closer to the goal of national renewal than it is today. What we have achieved proves that we have chosen correctly and we should therefore stay committed to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
　　Looking ahead, the Chinese people aspire to reach the two centenary goals, namely, to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects when the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021, and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious when the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049. We have full confidence in realising the Chinese dream of the great renewal of the Chinese nation.
　　——一个全面深化改革的中国。改革开放以来，中国经济创造了一个又一个奇迹，无数次证明了，改革是发展的不竭动力。中国下一步的可持续发展同样要向改革要动力、向结构调整要潜力。2013年中国共产党十八届三中全会作出了全面深化改革的战略部署，目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。此轮改革是涵盖经济、政治、文化、社会和生态文明等领域的全方位改革，包括55项重大改革任务和300多条重大改革措施，其范围之广、程度之深、难度之大均前所未有。经济体制改革是本轮改革重点，核心是处理好政府与市场的关系，加快转变政府职能，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。同时，也要积极协调推进其他各领域改革。目前，有关改革举措已初显成效。2014年前三季度，中国经济增长7.4%，是世界主要经济体中增长最快的，且质量和效益显著提高，城镇新增就业1000万人，登记失业率只有4.07%。未来，随着改革不断引向深入，改革红利将进一步释放。
　　China is deepening reform in all respects. Since the launch of reform and opening up, China’s economy has achieved one miracle after another, proving time and again that reform is the inexhaustible driving force for development. China’s sustainable development in the future must also be driven by reform and structural adjustment. The Third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee in 2013 made the strategic decision to deepen China’s reforms comprehensively, continuing to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and modernise and capacitate the national governance system.
　　The new round of reform covers economic, political, cultural, social and ecological dimensions. Featuring 55 major tasks and more than 300 major measures, the reform is unprecedented in terms of scope, depth and difficulty. Its priority is the reform of the economic structure, the essence of which is to handle well the relationship between market and government, speed up the transformation of government functions and enable the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.
　　In the meantime, it is important to promote reform in other areas. The reform measures have delivered initial results. In the first three quarters of 2014, China’s economy grew at a rate of 7.4%, faster than all other major economies, and the quality and efficiency of growth also improved remarkably; 10 million new jobs were created in urban areas, with the registered unemployment rate standing at only 4.07%. Further deepening of the reform in the future will generate even more benefits.
　　——一个更加民主法治的中国。当前，如何维护社会稳定成为中国共产党和政府需要认真思考的重要课题。去年10月结束的中国共产党十八届四中全会给出的答案就是全面推进依法治国，坚持在法治轨道上统筹社会力量、平衡社会利益、调和社会关系、规范社会行为，确保社会健康稳定发展。全会提出了建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家的目标，标志着中国法治建设进入崭新阶段。全面推进依法治国，主要包括六方面举措：一是完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系，加强宪法实施；二是深入依法行政，加快建设法治政府；三是保证公正司法，提高司法公信力；四是增强全民法治观念，推进法治社会建设；五是增强法治工作队伍建设；六是加强和改进党对全面推进依法治国的领导。需要强调的是，中国特色社会主义法治与西方“宪政”有着本质的区别。西方宪政强调国家权力的分权制衡、轮流执政、集团分利。中国特色社会主义法治的核心和关键是坚持共产党的领导，把执政党领导权、人民当家作主和依法治国高度统一，鼓励国家权力为人民谋求福利。在中国这样一个有着13亿人口的发展中大国全面推进依法治国，是中国国家治理领域一场广泛而深刻的革命，必将对中国发展产生重大而深远的影响，也将为世界其他国家提供有益经验。
　　China is a more democratic country under the rule of law. How to maintain social stability is an important task that requires serious thinking for the CPC and the Chinese government. To accomplish this task, the Fourth Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee held last October decided to: comprehensively promote the rule of law; mobilise social resources, balance social interests, reconcile social relationships and promote norms of social conduct based on the rule of law; and ensure the sound and steady development of the society. The plenary session put forth the goal of building a system serving the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and a country under the socialist rule of law. This means that China into a new stage of building the rule of law in China.
　　This effort to comprehensively promote the rule of law focuses on the following six aspects: improve a socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics in which the Constitution is the core, and strengthen the implementation of the Constitution; promote administration by law and speed up building a law-based government; safeguard judicial justice and improve judicial credibility; improve the public awareness of the rule of law and enhance the building of a law-based society; build the ranks of legal workers; and strengthen the CPC’s leadership in pushing forward the rule of law.
　　It is important to emphasise the distinction between the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and Western constitutionalism. The latter stresses balance of power, electoral politics and interest groups. The core of the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, however, is the CPC leadership. It integrates the leading power of the ruling party, the dominant role of the people and the principle of the rule of law, and encourages the use of state power in pursuit of benefits for the people. To comprehensively advance the rule of law in China, a large developing country with 1.3 billion people, is an extensive and profound revolution in the field of national governance. It will surely have far-reaching significance for China’s development and provide useful experience that we can share with other countries.
　　——一个日益开放包容的中国。在全球化的今天，中国的发展越来越离不开世界，世界的发展也越来越离不开中国。改革开放以来，中国从政策性试点到制度性融合，逐步形成了全方位、高层次的开放格局。中国的发展为世界的发展与繁荣作出了重要贡献。1980-2012年，中国GDP年均增速达到近10%，对世界经济增长贡献率平均达到13.4%，2013年更达到近30%。2003-2013年，中国平均每年进口7500亿美元商品，相当于为贸易伙伴创造了1400多万个就业岗位。2013年，中国对外直接投资流量创下1078.4亿美元的历史新高，连续两年位列全球三大对外投资国；中国境外企业（含金融类）向投资所在国缴纳的各种税金总额达370亿美元，聘用当地员工96.7万人。预计未来5年，中国将进口10万亿美元商品，出境旅游规模将达到5亿人次。未来10年,中国对外直接投资将达到1.25万亿美元。除了经贸合作，中国也为推进世界文明多样化作出贡献，历史悠久、博大精深的中国文化越来越受到世界各国人民的喜爱。
　　China pursues more inclusive opening up. In the age of globalisation, China is increasingly in need of the world for its development, and the world also needs China for its prosperity. China’s opening up has come a long way. From policy trials to institutional harmonisation, China has gradually formed a high-level and all-dimensional opening-up structure. China’s development is a great contribution to the development and prosperity of the world. Between 1980 and 2012, China’s GDP registered an average annual growth at about 10%, with the contribution rate to world economic growth rate averaged at 13.4%, which in 2013 reached a record high of nearly 30%. During the decade from 2003 to 2013, China imported an average of $750 billion of goods per year, which is equivalent to creating more than 14 million jobs for its trading partners. China’s foreign direct investment (FDI) reached a record high of $107.84 billion in 2013. China has been one of the top three FDI investors for the past two consecutive years. Chinese enterprises abroad (including those in the financial sector) have paid $37 billion of tax to local governments, and hired 967,000 local employees. It is anticipated that in five years, China will import $10 trillion of goods, 500 million Chinese people will travel abroad, and its FDI will reach $1.25 trillion in ten years. In addition to business cooperation, China has also contributed to the diversity of civilisations. The time-honoured history and rich culture of China are becoming increasingly popular and attractive to scholars and tourists across the world.
　　事实证明，中国越发展、越开放，越能给世界带来机遇。中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路，推进互利共赢的开放战略，继续做世界和平与地区稳定的维护者、世界经济增长的重要贡献者以及全球治理体系改革的积极参与者。中国和非洲都是充满活力的热土。近10年来，“非洲速度”令世人瞩目，“非洲机遇论”不断升温，非洲已成为世界政治、经济、文明“三个一极”。“中国发展”携手“非洲机遇”，必将创造出令世人瞩目的奇迹。
　　What has happened proves that a better developed and more open China means more opportunities for the world. China will unswervingly pursue peaceful development, promote the mutually-beneficial opening-up strategy and continue to uphold world peace and regional stability, contribute to world economic growth and participate in global governance reform. China and Africa are both promising land-masses full of vitality and diversity. In the past decade, Africa’sgrowth has drawn the attention of the international community. Africa has indeed become a pole in three aspects: world politics, economy and civilisation. The fusion of Chinese development and African opportunities will surely create remarkable miracles.
　　二、携手非洲、共同发展，始终是中国对非政策的出发点和落脚点
　　China-Africa cooperation for common development
　　相似的历史遭遇让中国与非洲具有天然的亲近感，相似的发展目标使中国与非洲成为前进道路上天然的同盟军。中国与非洲始终是患难与共、风雨同舟的好朋友、好伙伴、好兄弟。
　　Working together with Africa for common development has always been a goal of China’s foreign policy towards Africa. China and Africa enjoy natural affinity because of similar historical experience and our similar development goals have made us natural partners in the way forward. China and Africa are always good friends, good partners and good brothers sharing weal and woe.
　　——情相系。中非友好交往源远流长。明朝郑和下西洋到达过非洲东海岸，这一海上丝绸之路将中国与非洲的命运紧紧地联系在一起。中国不会忘记，非洲兄弟载歌载舞庆祝中国重返联合国。非洲兄弟也没有忘记，在反帝反殖、争取民族独立的正义斗争中中国给予的大力支持。中非友谊经历了血与火的考验，也经历了国际风云变幻的考验。同呼吸、共命运的兄弟情谊，是值得双方永远珍惜的宝贵财富，也是中非关系未来发展的不竭源泉。
　　China and Africa are connected by friendship. China and Africa enjoy a long-standing friendship. Zheng He, a Chinese explorer in the Ming Dynasty, arrived at the east coast of Africa during his voyage to the west, and the maritime Silk Road he opened up has since linked the destinies of China and Africa. China will never forget how our African brothers celebrated China’s restoration of its lawful seat in the United Nations with dance and singing. African brothers and sisters, likewise, have not forgotten China’s strong support for their efforts to fight imperialism and colonialism and seek national independence. The friendship between China and Africa has been tested by strife and wars as well as great changes in the world. The brotherhood of shared destiny is a valuable asset that we should always cherish.
　　——梦相通。中国新一届领导集体提出了“中国梦”，带领中国人民在中华民族伟大复兴的征途上奋力前行。非盟也制定了2063年远景规划，绘制了非洲发展的宏伟蓝图。中国梦和非洲梦的目标，都是国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中非合作将推动双方梦想成真。
　　China and Africa share common aspirations. The new leadership of China has put forward the vision of the Chinese dream and is leading the Chinese people in forging ahead for the great renewal of the Chinese nation. The African Union has drawn up the Agenda 2063, which is an ambitious blueprint for Africa’s development. The common goal of both the Chinese dream and the African dream is strength and prosperity of the many countries, revitalisation of the nations and happiness of the people. China-Africa cooperation will help make our dreams come true.
　　——心相连。国之交在于民相亲，民相亲在于心相连。2008年中国汶川特大地震发生后，非洲国家克服自身困难、纷纷伸出援手，这份情谊感人至深。中国政府和人民也始终关注非洲发展，心系非洲人民健康。当前，埃博拉疫情在西非部分国家肆虐，中国在短短几个月内已承诺并执行四轮援助，总额达7.5亿元人民币，700多名中国防疫专家和医护人员与非洲同行一道奋战在抗疫第一线，及时帮助非洲打造地区卫生防疫体系，充分体现了中非人民之间的真情厚谊。
　　China and Africa are close to each other in hearts. The key to sound relations between countries lies in the amity among their peoples, which is based on the closeness in their hearts. We were deeply moved by African countries who offered China a helping hand, despite their own difficulties, when a massive earthquake struck Wenchuan, China in 2008. The Chinese government and people have always cared about African development and the health situation in Africa. Within a few months after the outbreak of Ebola epidemic in some West African countries, China announced and delivered four tranches of aid worth 750 million yuan. Now over 700 Chinese epidemic prevention experts and medical staff are working hand in hand with their African colleagues in the affected countries to fight the disease and establish regional epidemic prevention system. This fully demonstrates the true friendship between our peoples.
　　——利与共。习近平主席2013年3月访非时，提出“真、实、亲、诚”对非合作理念。李克强总理去年访非时提出了包括三大网络（高速铁路网络、高速公路网络、区域航空网络）和六大重点领域（产业合作、金融合作、减贫合作、生态环保合作、人文交流合作、和平安全合作）在内的新的对非合作框架，全面开启中非合作升级版。目前，在中非合作论坛的引领和推动下，中非在发展、投融资、非洲一体化、和平与安全、民间交往等领域的合作加速推进，发展思路更加清晰，利益交融更加密切。
　　China-Africa cooperation is mutually beneficial. During his visit to Africa in March 2013, President Xi Jinping put forward the guiding principle of “sincerity, real results, affinity and good faith” for China’s cooperation with Africa. When Premier Li Keqiang visited Africa last year, he proposed a new framework of China-Africa cooperation, including a three-dimensional transport network and six projects (industrial, financial, poverty reduction, ecological and environmental protection, cultural and people-to-people exchanges, peace and security),which marked a comprehensive upgrading of China-Africa cooperation. At present, guided and propelled by the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), our cooperation in areas such as development, investment and financing, African integration, peace and security, and people-to-people exchanges is forging ahead with greater speed, clearer development strategies, and broader converging interests.
　　三、对未来中非合作的展望
　　Working together for future cooperation
　　非洲正在工业化、一体化、现代化道路上阔步前行。新形势下中国全面深化改革、转变发展方式、调整产业结构的战略，与非洲的战略需求高度契合。双方应进一步加强治国理政交流和战略对话，推进务实合作，全面提升中非新型战略伙伴关系。
　　African countries are striding forward towards industrialisation, integration and modernisation. Under the new circumstances of today, China’s strategies of comprehensively deepening reform, transforming development modes and readjusting industrial structures are highly compatible with the strategic demands of Africa. The two sides should further strengthen strategic dialogue and experience-sharing on governance, promote pragmatic cooperation and upgrade the new type of China-Africa strategic partnership in an all-round way.
　　共同谋求发展复兴。当前，中非合作正翻开崭新一页。中国愿同非洲共同努力，帮助非洲改善基础设施状况，加快对非产业和技术转移，实现中非产业战略对接，增强非洲自主发展能力。双方应加强在减贫、农业、医疗、环保、就业等领域合作，使非洲人民摆脱贫困、实现粮食安全、改善卫生医疗条件。中国将继续支持非洲自主选择发展道路，愿意毫不保留地与非洲分享发展经验，支持非洲找到一条更符合实际、更具包容性的可持续发展之路。
　　Work together to pursue development and revitalisation. Currently, China-Africa cooperation is opening a new chapter. China is ready to work with Africa to help it improve the continental infrastructure, speed up industry and technology transfer to Africa, achieve the coordination of industrial development strategies between China and Africa and enhance Africa’s capacity for self-development. The two sides should strengthen cooperation in areas such as poverty reduction, agriculture, medical care, environmental protection and employment so as to make headway in poverty alleviation, realise food security and improve medical and health conditions in Africa. China will continue to support African countries’ independent choice of development paths and is willing to share with Africa our development experience without any reservation and support its efforts to find more practical and inclusive ways of achieving sustainable development.
　　共同维护和平稳定。中方坚定支持非洲国家以非洲方式解决非洲问题。中国将继续倾听非洲国家的声音，与非方加强沟通协调，以更加积极的姿态为维护非洲的和平与安全贡献力量。我们将深入落实“中非和平安全合作伙伴倡议”，积极考虑向非洲常备军和快速反应部队建设提供帮助，支持非洲集体安全机制建设，与非方共同拓展在人员培训、情报共享、联演联训等方面合作，增强非方自主维和、反恐、打击海盗等方面的能力。
　　Work together to maintain peace and stability. China firmly supports African countries in solving African issues in African ways. China will continue to heed the voices from African countries, enhance our communication and coordination with Africa and work more actively to uphold peace and security in Africa. We will earnestly implement the Initiative on China-Africa Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Security, give positive consideration to assisting the development of an African Standby Force and African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises, support the development of collective security mechanisms in Africa, expand bilateral cooperation in personnel training, intelligence sharing and joint exercises and training, and help Africa to enhance its capacity building in peacekeeping, counter-terrorism and counter-piracy.
　　共同促进民间友好。中国将进一步加强中非人文互动，办好“中非文化合作伙伴计划”、“中非联合研究交流计划”、“中非民间友好行动”等品牌项目，在非洲增设中国文化中心和孔子学院，让中非文化增进交流、中非友好更加深入人心。中国还将通过开展科技教育合作、强化职业培训等多种方式，为非洲发展培养更多有用人才。我们鼓励更多中国公民赴非旅游，也欢迎更多非洲朋友来中国旅游、留学、投资兴业。
　　Work together to promote friendship among our people. China will step up its cultural interactions with African countries. We will make such brand programmes as the China-Africa Cultural Cooperation Partnership Programme, China-Africa Joint Research and Exchange Programme and the China-Africa People-to-People Friendship Action a success, and set up more Chinese cultural centres and Confucius institutes in Africa, with a view to enhancing cultural exchanges and helping friendship take deeper roots in people’s hearts and minds. China will work through cooperation programmes in science, technology and education as well as enhanced vocational training and other means to train more local professionals for Africa’s development. We encourage more Chinese tourists to visit Africa and welcome African friends to China for visits, studying, investment and business.
　　共同维护发展中国家利益。中非始终尊重彼此的核心利益和重大关切。中国将继续加强与非方的战略对话与协调，加强双方在国际和地区事务中的协调与配合，为非洲的合理诉求仗义执言，维护发展中国家共同利益，不断提升非洲以及全体发展中国家在国际事务中的代表性和话语权。
　　Work together to uphold the rights and interests of developing countries. China and Africa have always respected each other’s core interests and major concerns. China will continue to enhance strategic dialogue and coordination with Africa, strengthen collaboration and coordination in international and regional affairs, speak out in support of Africa’s legitimate positions, safeguard the common interests of developing countries and work to increase the representation and influence of Africa and all developing countries in international affairs.
　　四、结语
　　Conclusion
　　千里之行始于足下。中非合作前景光明，但也不免会遇到崎岖和坎坷。中非合作要行稳致远，关键是要紧扣共同发展的主题，丰富合作内涵，创新合作方式，打造中非关系升级版。
　　A journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step. China-Africa cooperation enjoys a promising future, though challenges and difficulties are inevitable. To achieve stable and long-term cooperation, it is crucial for us to closely focus on the theme of common development, enrich our cooperation, use innovative approaches to cooperation and enhance the China-Africa relationship.
　　南非是一个在非洲有着重要影响的国家。中南两国均高度重视发展双边关系，将其作为各自对外关系中的战略支点和优先方向。同时，两国关系已超越双边范畴，日益具有全球影响。去年，“南非年”在中国成功举办，祖马总统成功对华进行了国事访问。今年，南非将举办中国年，中非合作论坛会议也将在南非举行。中南、中非之间还将举行一系列重要活动。中方愿以此为契机，与南非各界朋友一道，发挥中南关系的引领和带动作用，共同推动中非合作达到新高度。
　　South Africa is a country with important influence in Africa. China and South Africa both attach great importance to the bilateral relationship and see it as a strategic pillar and priority in their foreign relations. Meanwhile, China-South Africa relations have exceeded their bilateral dimension and gained increasing global importance. Last year, the “Year of South Africa” was successfully celebrated in China and President Zuma’s state visit to China was a full success. This year, South Africa will hold “Year of China” activities and host the FOCAC meeting. There will be a series of important activities between China and South Africa and between China and Africa. China is ready to take this as an opportunity to join hands with friends from all sectors in South Africa, give full play to the leading role of China-South Africa relations, and lift China-Africa cooperation to a new height.

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