 为世界经济创新发展提供新动能 Provide New Driving Forces for Innovative Development of the World Economy
——在世界经济论坛2016年年会中国经济和二十国集团峰会专场上的特别致辞 – Special address at the Special Session on the Chinese Economy and the G20 Summit at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2016
中华人民共和国国家副主席 李源潮 H.E. Li Yuanchao, Vice President of the People’s Republic of China
2016年1月21日，瑞士达沃斯 Davos, 21 January 2016
尊敬的施瓦布主席， 各位贵宾， 女士们，先生们，朋友们：
Professor Schwab, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends,
很高兴出席世界经济论坛2016年年会。感谢施瓦布主席和论坛方的盛情邀请，以及为中国经济和二十国集团峰会专场活动所作的精心安排。本届年会将“掌控第四次工业革命”作为主题，探讨世界经济增长的新动力，很有现实意义。
I am delighted to attend the 2016 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum. I wish to thank Professor Schwab and the Forum for the kind invitation and the careful arrangements for this special session. The theme of this year’s annual forum, “Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution”, is of great relevance as it examines the new driving force for the world economic growth.
世界经济正处于动力转换的重要阶段，中国经济发展进入新常态。中国国家主席习近平指出，新常态下的中国经济，增长将更趋平稳，动力将更为多元。中国国务院总理李克强指出，中国经济未来向好、更好，并不是盲目乐观，而是有基础、有条件、有动力。今天，我愿借世界经济论坛的平台介绍当前中国的经济情况和今后一个时期的政策导向。
The world economy is now at a crucial stage of a shift in the force that drives growth, and the Chinese economy has entered a new normal. Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out that the Chinese economy in this new normal will grow more steadily and have more diversified driving forces. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang said that the bright prospects of the Chinese economy are not based on blind optimism but on necessary basis, conditions and impetus. I would like to use today’s platform to talk about the current state of the Chinese economy and our policy directions for the next stage.
第一，2015年中国经济实现了平稳增长，仍是全球增长重要动力。一是实现了国内生产总值6.9%的中高速增长。在世界经济起伏震荡的背景下，2015年中国GDP增量超过5000亿美元，预计排全球首位。这是在经济总量超过10万亿美元的高基数上取得的，在全球主要经济体中继续位居前列。二是实现了人民生活持续改善的增长。全国居民人均可支配收入增长7.4%，快于经济增速0.5个百分点。全国城镇新增就业1312万人，超出预定目标。31个大城市城镇调查失业率5.1%左右，处于2009年来低水平。三是实现了结构优化的增长。消费对经济增长贡献率比上年提高了15.4个百分点，达到66.4%，比投资高30.3个百分点。服务业占GDP比重提高2.4个百分点，达50.5%，比工业高16.7个百分点。单位国内生产总值能耗下降5.6%。中国新产业、新业态、新产品加快孕育成长，高技术产业增加值比上年增长10.2%，大大快于传统工业。网上零售增长超过30%，新能源汽车产量增长1.6倍，工业机器人增长42%。四是实现了开放、互利、共赢的增长。2015年中国进口总额1.68万亿美元，继续位居世界第2位。对外直接投资1276亿美元，同比增长10%。中国居民出境旅游等达到1.2亿人次，增长了12%，境外消费超过1万亿人民币，增长了20%。中国从国际市场进口大宗商品的实物量和占全球份额继续增加，2015年中国原油进口量增长8.8%，达到历史新高，大豆进口量增长14.4%。这些增长既满足了中国自身发展需求，也为全球经济增长作出了超过四分之一的贡献，中国发展仍是全球经济增长的重要动力。
First, the Chinese economy achieved steady growth in 2015 and China remains an important driving force for global growth. To begin with, China’s GDP registered a medium-high growth rate of 6.9% in 2015. Despite the volatility in world economy, China still achieved a GDP increase of over US$500 billion, which is estimated to be the largest in the world. Such a growth has been achieved on a high basis of an over US$10 trillion economy and continues to be one of the fastest among the world’s major economies. Secondly, China realized continued improvement of the lives of its people. Per capita disposable income grew by 7.4%, outpacing the overall economy by half a percentage point. In towns and cities nationwide, 13.12 million new jobs were created, outperforming the set target. Urban surveyed unemployment rate in 31 major cities was 5.1%, one of the lowest since 2009. Thirdly, China’s growth was achieved with an optimized structure. Consumption contributed 66.4% to growth, an increase by 15.4 percentage points and 30.3 percentage points higher than investment. The share of the service sector in GDP rose by 2.4 percentage points, reaching 50.5%, 16.7 percentage points higher than the industrial sector. Per unit GDP energy consumption was lowered by 5.6%. China’s new industries, new forms of business and new products took shape and grew more rapidly, and the added value of high-tech industries was up 10.2% year-on-year, growing much faster than traditional industries. On-line retail sales grew over 30%. The output of new-energy cars increased 1.6 fold, and industrial robots 42%. Fourthly, China’s growth was open and produced mutually-beneficial and win-win outcomes. In 2015, China’s imports totaled US$1.68 trillion, still the second biggest in the world. The outbound direct investment reached US$127.6 billion, up by 10% year-on-year. Chinese residents made 120 million overseas visits, up by 12%), and spent more than RMB 1 trillion overseas, registering an increase of 20%. The volume and global share of China’s imports of major commodities from international market continued to grow. In 2015, the volume of crude oil import went up by 8.8%), hitting a record high. Import volume of soybeans grew by 14.4%. Such increase met the need of China’s own development and also contributed over one quarter to world economic growth. China remains a major driving force for global economic growth.
第二，中国有信心有能力保持经济中高速增长的趋势。当前，国际金融危机深层次影响还在继续，世界经济仍处在深刻调整期。中国经济和世界经济紧密相连，也处在从数量高速扩张向质量和效益提升的调整之中，中国经济发展进入了新常态。在这个新常态中，中国既有信心有能力推进经济结构调整，也有信心有能力保持经济中高速增长。一方面，由于世界经济总需求不足，国际市场大宗商品价格大幅下跌，同时，中国经济总量不断增大，资源环境制约不断增强，中国经济增速相应缓下来，这是符合一般经济发展规律的。另一方面，中国经济发展有很大潜力、韧性和回旋余地，有信心有能力保持一定的增长速度，以实现中国“两个一百年”奋斗目标。(一是到2020年，即中国共产党成立100周年时，国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入在2010年的基础上翻一番，全面建成惠及十几亿人口的小康社会；二是到本世纪中叶，即中华人民共和国成立100周年时，建成富裕民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家）现在，中国大专及以上文化程度人数超过1亿人，每年新毕业大学生700多万，高质量发展具有充裕的人力资源基础。中国人有勤俭持家的传统，近年来居民储蓄率一直保持在38%以上，去年居民新增储蓄存款超过4万亿元人民币，2008年以来居民储蓄累计增加了35万亿元人民币，这使扩大消费和有效投资都有充分条件。过去5年，中国GDP总量由7万多亿美元上升至10万多亿美元，为发展奠定了雄厚的物质基础。2015年中国财政收入预计增长超过5%，年底国家外汇储备超过3.33万亿美元、稳居世界第一。国际资本仍然看好中国发展，2015年外商直接投资达1262.7亿美元，同比增长5.6%。中国推进改革的决心坚定不移，将进一步激发和释放市场活力。我们正在编制“十三五”规划，将贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，着力实现有质量、有效益、可持续的增长，推动中国经济走得更好更稳更远。
Second, China has the confidence and capability to maintain medium-to-high growth. As the world is yet to shrug off the deep impact of the global financial crisis, its economy is still in a period of profound adjustment. The Chinese economy, closely connected with the world economy, has entered a new normal, shifting from fast quantitative expansion to a stage of pursuing higher quality and efficiency. In this new normal, China has the confidence and capability to promote economic restructuring and, at the same time, maintain medium-to-high growth. As the world economy has insufficient aggregate demand and commodity prices plunge in the international market, the growth of China’s economy, which is now bigger in size and under heavier resource and environment constraint, naturally moderates. This echoes the general rules of economic development. Yet the Chinese economy has great potential, resilience and ample space for policy adjustment. We have the confidence and capability to maintain a certain speed of growth to meet our two “centenary goals” (to double the 2010 GDP and per capita income and complete the building of a moderately prosperous society by 2020 when the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary; and second, to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious socialist country by the middle of this century when the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary.) Over 100 million Chinese have received college education or beyond, and each year our universities turn out over 7 million graduates. They form the basis of our abundant human resources for high-quality development. As the Chinese people have the fine tradition of valuing frugality, our household savings rate has stayed above 38% over the years. Last year, the increased residential savings were in excess of RMB 4 trillion. Since 2008, residential savings have increased by RMB 35 trillion. This provides a strong basis for boosting consumption and effective investment. In the past five years, China’s GDP grew from over US$7 trillion to over US$10 trillion, forming a solid material foundation for future development. The fiscal revenue of China for 2015 is expected to grow by more than 5%, and by the end of 2015, China’s foreign exchange reserve surpassed US$3.33 trillion, being the world’s biggest. China remains attractive to international capital and received US$126.27 billion of foreign direct investment in 2015, up by 5.6% year-on-year. China is committed to reform and will further invigorate market players. We are formulating the 13th Five-Year Plan and will pursue innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, work to achieve sustainable growth of quality and efficiency so that the Chinese economy will realize steadier and better development in the long run.
第三，中国将着力通过改革创新培育经济发展新动能。今后一个时期，中国发展的重要目标是，经济保持中高速增长、产业迈向中高端水平，为世界经济发展提供新动能，我们要做、可做的事情有很多。这里，我愿同大家分享3个案例，它们反映了中国在改革和创新两方面的探索和实践。
Third, China will nurture new driving forces for growth through reform and innovation. For the coming years, China’s development priority is to maintain medium-to-high growth, advance to medium-high ends of the industrial chain and provide new driving forces for the world economy. There is a lot we will do and can do. Here I would like to share with you three examples of China’s exploration and practices of reform and innovation.
第一个例子是中国安徽省有个叫旌德的山区小县，人口15万，仅去年一年就新增了1100 家企业，比上年多了两成。为什么那里民众创业热情这么高？因为县里的政府部门用“三个一律”为创业企业开辟绿色通道：即非行政许可审批事项一律取消，确需保留的行政许可审批事项一律纳入权力清单，权力清单上的行政审批事项一律进政府服务大厅。实际上，我们大力推进行政审批制度改革，新登记市场主体在中国各地都“井喷式”增长，去年中国平均每天新登记企业超过1.2万家。今后，中国将继续加大行政管理体制、国有企业、财税体制、金融体制等重要领域改革力度，持续推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务，不断释放和激发市场活力。
The first example concerns a small mountainous county named Jingde in China’s Anhui Province. With a population of 150,000, this county saw 1,100 new enterprises last year alone. The increase margin was 20%. The local people were so enthusiastic about having their own start-ups, because the local government opened up a green channel for them by adopting three measures: first, items that legally require no administrative approval do not need to have government review and approval; second, items that legally require administrative approval must be on the list of power of the government and third, for all those on the list of power, procedures can be completed conveniently at the government service center. In fact, there has been an upsurge of newly registered market entities across the country as we vigorously push forward reform on administrative review and approval. For every single day in last year, over 12,000 newly registered companies emerged across China. In the coming years, China will continue to step up reform on administrative management system, SOEs, fiscal and tax regimes, financial system and in other areas, streamline administration and delegate power, and upgrade service to further unleash the vitality of market entities.
第二个例子是中国高铁已成全球最大基础设施投资市场，并正在努力成长为全球重要的轨道交通供应商。到2015年底，中国铁路运营里程超过12万公里，居世界第二位，当年投资超过8000亿人民币，其中高铁1.9万公里，居世界第一位。中国高铁快速发展的主要支撑是，中国在引进技术的基础上，通过创新构建起具有自主知识产权的先进高铁技术体系，这再次印证了“创新是引领发展的第一动力”。今后，中国将抓住新一轮科技革命和产业革命的时间窗口，也就是这次论坛所说的“第四次工业革命”的机遇，加快实施“中国制造2025”、“互联网+”行动计划，加快发展战略性新兴产业和现代服务业，既在改造传统制造方面努力，又在绿色制造、智能制造升级方面加油，让更多有生命力的前沿技术和新兴产业集群发展，推动生产模式和组织方式变革创新。
The second example is the high-speed rail of China which represents the world’s largest infrastructure investment market and is building itself into the most important rail transport supplier in the world. By the end of 2015, China’s railway mileage in operation has exceeded 120,000 kilometers, ranking the second in the world. Over RMB 800 billion was invested that year. And the mileage of high-speed railway stood at 19,000 kilometers, ranking the first in the world. One important reason for the rapid development of China’s high-speed railway is that, building on the technologies that have been learned from abroad, China has developed, through innovation, an advanced high-speed railway technology system with independent intellectual property rights. This once again proves that “innovation is the primary driving force for development”. In the future, the Chinese government will try to make the most of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution, in other words, the opportunities brought by the “fourth industrial revolution”, the theme of this year’s Forum. We will accelerate the implementation of “made in China 2025” and “Internet+” and develop emerging industries of strategic importance as well as modem services at a faster pace. Efforts will be made to improve traditional manufacturing and to promote green manufacturing and smart upgrading, so as to facilitate the development of more cutting-edge technologies and clusters of emerging industries and to enable change and innovation in the way we produce and organize businesses.
第三个例子是在北京中关村和深圳的大街上，创新工场、创客咖啡等年轻人创业的新型孵化器大量涌现。截至2015年底，中国共有各类众创空间2300多个，各类科技孵化器超过2500家，并以每年超过20%的速度增长。今后，我们将深入实施创新驱动发展战略，推进大众创业、万众创新，鼓励发展众创、众包、众扶、众筹空间，让每个有创新创业意愿的人都有成功的机会和空间，让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理、资本的活力竞相迸发，释放全社会的发展潜能。
The third example is the large number of new incubators for young people to start up businesses, such as Innovation Works and makers’ cafes that have sprung up in the streets of Beijing’s Zhongguancun and the city of Shenzhen. By the end of 2015, China has had more than 2300 makers’ spaces of different kinds and over 2,500 incubators and accelerators for various tech firms. Their number is still growing at an annual rate of over 20%. Going forward, we will further promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, encourage and develop crowd innovation, crowd sourcing, crowd support and crowd funding, so that everyone with the will to innovate and start business can have the opportunity and space to achieve success; all factors including labor, knowledge, technology, management and capital will be invigorated; and the potential of the entire society will be unleashed.
第四，中国将与世界各国共同应对挑战，实现合作共赢。国际金融危机发生8年来，世界经济复苏缓慢，突发性不稳定因素很多。中国古人讲，“惧危者常安，忧亡者恒存”。越是面对复杂局面，越应有清醒的忧患意识和机遇意识。当今世界经济需要更加开放、更加包容、更多合作、更多共赢。今后5年，中国将致力于发展更高层次的开放型经济，与世界各国谋求更多伙伴式的经济合作。中国将继续推动“一带一路”沿线国家和地区共商共建共享，实现共同发展。加强国际产能和装备制造合作，帮助发展中国家提升基础设施建设和工业化水平，实现互利共赢。加快自贸区及投资协定谈判，打破各种形式的贸易壁垒，继续改善外国在华投资环境，积极参与全球经济治理。
Fourth, China will work with the rest of the world to meet challenges and realize win-win cooperation. Over the past eight years since the global financial crisis broke out, the world economic recovery has been slow with many emergencies and uncertainties. As an ancient Chinese saying goes, “those that stay vigilant against potential risk and danger will survive and thrive.” Facing a complex situation, it is important to stay clear-minded about dangers and possible opportunities. What the world economy needs today is greater openness, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win results. In the next five years, China will commit itself to developing an open economy at a higher level and seeking economic cooperation with other countries as partners. China will continue to advance the initiative of jointly building the “Belt and Road” for shared benefits and common development with countries and regions along the routes, strengthen international cooperation on industrial capacity and equipment manufacturing, and help developing countries enhance infrastructure development and become more industrialized for mutually beneficial and win-win outcomes. We will speed up negotiations on free trade areas and investment agreements, tear down all kinds of trade barriers, continue to improve the environment for foreign investors in China and participate actively in global economic governance.
本世纪以来，13亿多中国人民对世界经济增长的人均贡献率一直在世界人均水平以上，把中国发展搞好，本身就是对人类发展的重要贡献。中国将继续高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，与世界各国共同应对挑战，实现合作共赢，促进世界经济进一步复苏发展。
Since the turn of the century, the contribution per person by more than 1.3 billion Chinese people to world economic growth has always been above world average. To ensure sound development in China is in itself an important contribution to the development of mankind. China will, in the spirit of peace, development and win-win cooperation, work with the rest of the world to tackle challenges, cooperate for win-win results and bolster world economic recovery and development.
今年9月4日至5日，二十国集团领导人第十一次峰会将在中国浙江省杭州市举行。中国国家主席习近平指出，二十国集团在引领和推动国际经济合作方面具有举足轻重的影响，应为实现强劲、可持续、平衡增长目标而努力。二十国集团作为全球经济治理的重要平台，包括发达国家、新兴市场国家和发展中国家的主要经济体，成员人口占全球总量的三分之二，国内生产总值占85%，贸易额占近80%。杭州峰会将以“构建创新、活力、联动、包容的世界经济”为主题，重点从创新增长方式、完善全球经济金融治理、提振国际贸易和投资、促进包容联动式发展等方面共商合议，努力为世界经济发展提供新动能。我们认为，当前二十国集团应该从4个方面作出努力。
From 4 to 5 September this year, the 11th G20 Summit will be held in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province of China. As Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out, the G20 plays a significant role in leading and promoting international economic cooperation and should work vigorously for the goal of realizing strong, sustainable and balanced growth. The G20 brings together major developed countries and emerging markets and developing countries which, taken together, account for two thirds of the world’s population, 85% of global GDP and nearly 80%) of international trade. Under the theme of “towards an innovative, invigorated, interconnected and inclusive world economy”, the Hangzhou Summit will focus its discussions on innovating growth models, improving global economic and financial governance, boosting international trade and investment and promoting inclusive and interconnected development in an effort to provide new drivers for the development of the world economy. We believe, the G20 needs to work on the following four fronts.
第一，创新世界经济发展动力。二十国集团应该将经济发展的政策思路转到提升中长期增长潜力上来，明确结构性改革的优先方向，把握科技创新、新工业革命、数字经济等新要素带来的新机遇，加快实现新旧增长动力转换。
First, explore new forces for world economic development. The G20 needs to shift its policy thinking for economic development towards greater emphasis on improving mid-to-long-term growth potential, identify priorities for structural reform, seize the new opportunities brought by new factors including scientific and technological innovation, new industrial revolution and digital economy, and realize a faster shift from old to new forces that drive growth.
第二，推进全球经济治理改革。二十国集团应该继续致力于国际金融货币体系的改革和完善，增强国际金融机构的有效性，重视新兴市场和发展中国家的合理诉求。落实二十国集团能源合作原则，推进绿色金融、反腐败、税收等各领域合作，为世界经济健康高效运行提供机制保障。
Second, promote reform on global economic governance. The G20 needs to remain committed to the reform and improvement of the international financial and monetary system, enhance the effectiveness of international financial institutions and pay more attention to the legitimate aspirations of emerging markets and developing countries. Efforts should be made to implement the G20 Principles on Energy Collaboration and push forward cooperation in green finance, fighting corruption as well as taxation, so as to provide institutional guarantee for the health and efficiency of the world economy.
第三，建设开放型世界经济体系。2012－2014年，国际贸易增速连续3年低于世界经济增速，2014年全球外国直接投资下降16%。2015年，世界货物和服务贸易总量增速比上年下降0.8个百分点，低于世界经济增速0.5个百分点，形势令人担忧。二十国集团应该在促进全球贸易增长方面发挥更大作用，继续反对保护主义，加强多边贸易体制，促进全球价值链深化发展。加强国际投资合作，为各国企业经营投资创造公平、透明的政策环境。
Third, build an open world economic system. International trade grew slower than world economy for three consecutive years from 2012 to 2014. Global foreign direct investment declined by 16% in 2014. In 2015, the growth of global trade in goods and services was 0.8 percentage point slower than the previous year and half a percentage point slower than that of the global economy. This is worrying. The G20 should play a bigger role in promoting global trade, continue to reject protectionism, strengthen the multilateral trading regime and deepen the development of the global value chain. International investment cooperation should also be strengthened to foster a fair and transparent policy environment for the operation and investment of businesses of all countries.
第四，共享世界经济发展成果。2015年，国际社会就2030年可持续发展议程、气候变化巴黎协定达成共识。二十国集团应该率先垂范，全面落实上述共识。增加对基础设施和工业化的投资，照顾最不发达国家和非洲国家特殊需求，帮助他们增强自主发展能力，开创各国共同发展新局面。
Fourth, share in the fruits of world economic development. In 2015, the international community reached consensus on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris agreement on climate change. The G20 should lead by example and implement them fully. It also needs to increase investment in infrastructure and industrialization, accommodate the special needs of the least developed countries and African countries and help them enhance capacity for independent development to usher in new prospects for common development of all.
在杭州峰会筹备过程中，中国将坚持开放、透明、包容理念，同各方保持密切沟通，认真听取来自所有伙伴方的意见和建议。
In the preparation for the Hangzhou Summit, China will, in the spirit of openness, transparency and inclusiveness, maintain close communication with all parties and heed the views and suggestions of all partners.
春夏秋冬、周期交替，这是大自然的规律，也是经济发展进步的规律。现在的达沃斯，大厅之外是遍地冰雪，但再过几个月，这里就将满山春色。让我们同舟共济、携手并肩，为世界经济发展提供新动能，共同创造世界经济发展的新春天！
Change is the rule of nature that guides the four seasons, and also the rule of economic development. Though it is a world of ice and snow outside, in a few months’ time, spring will come back to the mountains. Let us join hands to provide new forces for the development of the world economy. Together, we will bring about a new economic spring for our globe. |
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