 2015，中国特色大国外交的全面推进之年 2015: A Year of Flying Colors for Pursuing Major-Country Diplomacy with Distinctive Chinese Features
——王毅部长在2015年国际形势与中国外交研讨会开幕式上的演讲 – Speech by Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the Opening Ceremony of the Symposium on International Developments and China’s Diplomacy in 2015
2015年12月12日 12 December 2015
又到一年一度盘点中国外交的时候了。即将过去的2015年，无论对于世界还是中国，都具有极为特殊和重要的意义。
As 2015, a year of great importance to both China and the world, is drawing to an end, it is time for me to review the progress made in China’s diplomacy.
2015年，是人类历史发展进程中承前启后的重要一年。
The year 2015 is a crucial one in the advance of human history.
70年前，世界反法西斯战争获得胜利，联合国应运而生，回顾那段改变人类前途与命运的历史，世界各国都以不同的方式加以纪念和反思，目的就是从中汲取教训，防止悲剧重演，努力开创和平与繁荣的美好未来。围绕和平与发展两大议题，我们同国际社会一道，相继确立2030年可持续发展目标与2020年后气变安排两项重大全球议程，同时加大合作力度，共同应对包括恐怖主义等在内的各类全球性挑战。
Seventy years ago, the United Nations was established following the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War. Countries around the world have held commemorations on that part of history which reshaped the future of mankind to draw lessons from history, prevent recurrence of similar tragedies and deliver a better future of peace and prosperity. Pursuing peace and development, China joined the international community in setting the sustainable development goals for 2030 and post-2020 Climate change agenda, two priorities on the global agenda. China has also strengthened international cooperation to combat terrorism and address other global challenges.
2015年，也是中华民族复兴进程中继往开来的重要一年。
The year 2015 is an important one for achieving the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
同样是70年前，全体中华儿女浴血奋战，最终打败日本军国主义发动的野蛮侵略，赢得了民族解放与独立。中国共产党带领全国各族人民，团结一心，沿着中国特色社会主义道路奋勇前行。2015年，我们在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下大力推进“四个全面”的战略部署，顺利通过“十三五”规划建议，奏响了到2020年全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标的嘹亮号角。
Also 70 years ago, the Chinese people fought heroically against the barbarous aggression of Japanese militarists and won China’s national liberation and independence. Led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Chinese people of all ethnicities have embarked on the path of building socialism with distinctive Chinese features. In 2015, under the leadership of the CPC central committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the General Secretary, we have worked hard to implement theFour Pronged Comprehensive Strategy and adopted a proposal on China’s 13th Five-Year development plan; and we are endeavoring to achieve the first centenary goal, i.e. to finish the building of a moderately prosperous society in China by 2020.
面对波澜壮阔的国际国内大势，2015年的中国外交在党中央正确领导下，牢牢把握国际和国内两个大局，继续积极进取，开拓创新，又取得诸多重大成果和进展。可以说，2015年是中国特色大国外交的全面推进之年：
Embracing major changes in both domestic and international environment under the leadership of the CPC central leadership, we have launched major initiatives and made much progress on the international front. The year 2015 has been a year of flying colors for China’s pursuit of major-country diplomacy with distinctive Chinese features.
第一，国际影响全面提升。2015年，中国外交空前活跃，在全球政治、经济、安全等各个方面都推出了一系列具有广泛和深远影响的中国倡议、中国方案。中国已成为国际关系演变中不可或缺的重要推动者，为维护世界和平、促进全球发展发挥着建设性作用。
First, China’s international standing has been fully raised. China pursued an active diplomatic agenda in 2015, proposing a number of initiatives and solutions with far-reaching significance in political, economic and security fields. China has grown into an indispensable force in shaping international relations and plays a constructive role in upholding world peace and promoting global development.
我们成功举办中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年纪念活动，向全世界发出和平与正义之声。习近平主席同世界近60个国家和国际地区组织的领导人及代表一道，共同坚定维护以联合国为核心的战后国际体系，坚定维护以联合国宪章宗旨为基础的国际关系基本准则，坚定维护当今世界得来不易的和平与稳定，共同反对任何企图开历史倒车的错误言行，为人类社会坚持和平、坚守正义提供了强大正能量。
We successfully held commemorations on the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War Against Japanese Aggression and the end of the World Anti-Fascist War, sending a strong message of upholding peace and justice to the world. Chinese President Xi Jinping and leaders and representatives of 60 countries and regional and international organizations reaffirmed their commitment to the post-WWII international system with the UN at its core and the basic norms governing international relations based on the UN Charter. They also renewed their commitment to upholding the hard-won peace and stability of the world, and expressed firm opposition to moves aimed at reversing the trend of history. All this has boosted the pursuit of peace and justice by the human society.
我们继续推动世界经济增长，并为全球金融稳定与改革注入新活力。2015年，尽管面临内外两方面的下行压力，中国经济仍将以7%左右的增速走在世界前列，贡献全球经济增量的三分之一，中国作为世界经济增长主引擎的地位依然无可替代。与此同时，我们倡导创立亚洲基础设施投资银行和金砖新开发银行，开创发展中国家组建多边金融机构的先河，为全球经济金融治理与改革注入新鲜血液。我们成功实现人民币纳入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子，提升了发展中国家货币的国际地位，增强了各国对中国经济前景的信心，也将使当今国际货币和金融体系更为完善和均衡。
We have continued our efforts to grow the world economy and provided new impetus to global financial stability and reform. Despite downward pressure at home and abroad, the Chinese economy will grow by around 7% in 2015, leading the world and contributing to 1/3 of global growth. China has thus remained an indisputable main engine driving the world economy.
We initiated the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the BRICS New Development Bank, the very first multilateral financial institutions established by developing countries, thus injecting fresh impetus to global economic and financial governance and reform. The RMB has been included into the IMF’s SDR currency basket. The inclusion marks the international status of a currency of developing countries, boosted international community’s confidence in China’s economy and will enhance the current international monetary and financial system and make it more balanced.
我们积极参与全球性重要议题，作出一系列重要贡献。习近平主席出席联合国成立70周年系列峰会，阐明中国对重大国际问题的立场，宣布设立中国－联合国和平与发展基金和南南合作援助基金、加入联合国维和待命机制并组建8000人维和待命部队、免除对最不发达国家债务等一系列振奋人心的重大举措。我们携手联合国举办南南合作圆桌会议和全球妇女峰会，应者云集，盛况空前。中国正式接任明年G20主席国，受到国际社会的广泛期待。
We have been actively involved in pursuing major goals on the global agenda and made important contribution to advancing them. When attending the summits commemorating the 70th anniversary of the UN, President Xi Jinping elaborated on China’s positions on major international issues and announced a number of major Chinese initiatives. These include the following: the establishment of a China-UN peace and development fund and a fund assistance for South-South cooperation. China’s joining of the UN Peacekeeping Capability Readiness System and the building of a peacekeeping standby force of 8,000 troops, and China’s cancellation of debts owed by the least developed countries. China successfully co-hosted with the UN the Roundtable on South-South Cooperation and the Global Leaders’ Meeting on Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment, which were well attended. The international community has high expectations of China as it has taken over next year’s G20 presidency.
我们充分展现负责任大国担当，为应对气候变化全球合作起到重要引领作用。继去年同美国率先达成气候变化联合声明之后，今年中方又如期向《联合国气候变化框架公约》秘书处提交国家应对气候变化自主贡献文件，同欧盟、美国、法国、印度、巴西相继发表气候变化联合声明，宣布建立200亿元人民币的“中国气候变化南南合作基金”。不久前，习近平主席应邀出席气候变化巴黎大会，系统提出应对气候变化、推进全球气候治理的中国主张，与各方一道，为达成全面、均衡、有力度和有约束力的2020年后气变协议作出了重要和积极的贡献。
We have acted as a responsible major power and played an important leadership role in enhancing global cooperation on climate change. After reaching the ground-breaking Joint Announcement on Climate Change with the United States last year, China submitted on schedule its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to the secretariat of the UNFCCC. And we issued joint statements on climate change successively with the European Union, France, India and Brazil. China announced the establishment of a RMB20 billion South-South Climate Cooperation Fund. At the recently held Paris Climate Conference, President Xi set forth China’s position on climate change and global climate governance. Together with other leaders, he made important contribution to reaching a comprehensive, balanced, ambitious and binding post-2020 agreement on climate change at the conference.
我们努力践行中国特色热点问题解决之道，为维护世界和平与安全发挥建设性作用。从山水相连的周边地区到远隔万里的西亚北非，中国为维护世界和平与安全频繁奔走。我们深度参与伊朗核问题谈判，积极展开协调斡旋，在阿拉克重水堆改造等关键问题上承担中国责任，促成了全面协议最终达成。我们联手伊加特地区组织，积极斡旋南苏丹国内和解，受到广泛欢迎。我们提出政治解决叙利亚问题“四步走”框架思路，以客观公正立场参与涉及叙利亚问题的国际协调。我们向世界多个热点地区派驻了2700余名维和人员，为当地的和平与安宁而值守。我们和巴基斯坦一道，并在美国参与下，促成阿富汗政府与塔利班开启和谈，推动阿富汗和解进程进入新阶段。我们尽力维护朝鲜半岛和平，并为恢复六方会谈逐步积累共识。我们强烈谴责并坚决反对一切形式的恐怖主义，支持国际和地区反恐合作。我们主张反恐合作应当遵循国际关系基本准则，尊重各国主权，不搞双重标准，应当标本兼治，形成各方合力，致力于铲除恐怖主义滋生的土壤。
We have offered China’s solutions to hot-spot issues, and played a constructive role in upholding world peace and security, from China’s close neighboring areas to distant West Asia and North Africa. China was deeply engaged in negotiations on the Iranian nuclear issue and made vigorous mediation efforts. China contributed its share to resolving the crucial issues of the redesign and modernization of Arak heavy water reactor, thus making it possible to reach a comprehensive agreement. China worked with Inter-governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) to mediate domestic reconciliation in South Sudan, which was broadly welcomed by the international community.
We raised a four-step framework proposal on achieving political settlement of the Syrian issue and joined relevant international mediation in an objective and balanced way. We have dispatched over 2,700 peace-keepers to many hot-spot areas across the world to uphold local peace and stability.
Together with Pakistan, and with US participation, we have brought the Afghan government and Taliban to peace talks, thus ushering the Afghan peace process into a new stage. We made vigorous efforts to uphold peace on the Korean Peninsula and build consensus for resuming the Six-Party Talks. We sternly condemn and oppose terrorism in all forms and support both international and regional counter-terrorism cooperation. We take the position that in conducting counter-terrorism cooperation, we should be guided by basic norms governing international relations, respect a country’s sovereignty and reject double standards. We should tackle both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism, and pool strengths of all parties to remove the breeding ground of terrorism.
第二，外交布局全面推进。在前两年外交布局基本完成全覆盖基础上，今年中国外交深耕细作，实现与各主要方向国家关系的进一步深化。
Second, we have advanced China’s diplomacy on all fronts. On the basis of completing the general layout of China’s diplomatic agenda in the past two years, we have pursued this year’s diplomacy with greater intensity and deepened relations with countries on major fronts.
北美方向，习近平主席对美国成功进行历史性访问，继庄园对话、瀛台夜话之后，同奥巴马总统白宫秋叙，再度确认构建中美新型大国关系的重要共识，积极对接各自发展方向和国家战略，深刻把握双方不断增长的共同利益，积极承担两国对人类社会应尽的国际责任，达成了50项重要共识和成果，描绘了推进各领域战略合作的新愿景。从美国西海岸到东海岸，从创新中心到政治中心，从普通民众到社会精英，习近平主席面向美国各界，广泛传递中美世代友好、合作共赢的明确信息，为中美关系长远发展奠定了坚实基础。
North America: President Xi Jinping paid a successful historic visit to the United States. Following their meetings in Sunnylands, California, and Zhongnanhai, Beijing, President Xi and President Obama had an autumn meeting in the White House. They reaffirmed the important consensus of building a new model of major-country relations and sought synergy between the development goals and national strategies of the two countries. With keen appreciation of the growing converging interests between China and the United States, they agreed to actively fulfill the two countries’ international responsibilities to the human society. The meeting produced 50 agreements and outcomes and laid out a new vision of promoting strategic cooperation in various areas. During his visit to both the West Coast and the East Coast, to both the innovation center and the political center, and in his engagement with both ordinary Americans and public leaders, President Xi sent a strong message of forging enduring friendship and win-win cooperation to the American people, laying a solid foundation for the long-term growth of China-US relations.
欧亚方向，中俄元首相互出席对方二战胜利纪念活动，共同维护国际正义与良知，双方政治互信进一步巩固和提升，中俄战略协作伙伴关系保持高水平运行。中俄能源、航空、航天等领域大项目合作稳步推进，莫斯科—喀山高铁合作协议成功签署，远东开发合作进入新阶段；习近平主席成功访问哈萨克斯坦和白俄罗斯，李克强总理主持上合总理会晤，我国同欧亚地区国家基本实现高层往来全覆盖。
Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Chinese and Russian presidents attended the commemorations of the victory of the Second World War held in each other’s country and jointly upheld international justice and conscience. The political mutual trust between the two countries was further enhanced, and China-Russia strategic partnership of coordination has maintained a high-standard performance. Steady progress has been made in cooperation on major projects in energy, aviation and space. A cooperation agreement on building a high-speed railway between Moscow and Kazan was signed, and cooperation on development in Russia’s Far East region entered a new stage. President Xi Jinping paid successful visits to Kazakhstan and Belarus and Premier Li Keqiang chaired the prime ministers’ meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. China has had top-level exchanges with almost all countries in the region.
欧洲方向，习近平主席对英国进行“超级国事访问”，双方同意建立面向21世纪全球全面战略伙伴关系，开启中英关系“黄金时代”，为新兴大国与传统大国深化互信与合作树立了标杆。李克强总理成功访问法国和欧盟，举行欧盟换届后中欧新领导层首次会晤，勾画了中法、中欧合作新蓝图。中德开启首次高级别财金对话，再过几天我将赴德举行两国首次外交和安全战略对话。中国—中东欧16+1合作进展迅速，在华举办的首次领导人会晤确认共建开放包容、互利共赢的伙伴关系和六大重点合作领域，形成了1+6合作新格局。全年中方同欧洲21国开展了高层往来，中欧合作呈现东西南北均衡拓展、“四大伙伴”建设全面开花的良好势头。
Europe: President Xi Jinping paid a grand state visit to the United Kingdom. The two countries agreed to establish a global comprehensive strategic partnership for the 21st century, ushering in a golden age of China-UK relations and setting the pace for deepening mutual trust and cooperation between a major emerging country and a traditional power. Premier Li Keqiang paid successful visits to France and the EU and had the first meeting with the new EU leadership. The visits charted a new course for China’s cooperation with France and EU. China and Germany had their first high-level financial dialogue, and, a few days later, I will go to Germany to attend the first China-Germany strategic dialogue on diplomacy and security. The “16+1” cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries has registered rapid progress. The first leaders’ meeting of the two sides held in China affirmed our commitment to forging an open, inclusive and win-win partnership and identified six major areas of cooperation, which constituted a new 1+6 cooperation pattern. This year, China has had high-level exchange of visits with 21 European countries, promoted balanced cooperation with all countries across Europe and has made progress in building partnerships for peace, growth, reform and civilization with Europe.
亚太方向，习近平主席出席亚非领导人会议和万隆会议60周年纪念活动，为新形势下深化亚非合作、南南合作以及南北合作指明了方向。李克强总理访问韩国并重启中断三年之久的中日韩领导人会议。我们成功接待印度总理莫迪访华，进一步增进了中国和印度这两个发展中大国的互信与合作。我们对尼泊尔发生强烈地震感同身受，第一时间伸出援手，向尼泊尔人民送去跨越喜马拉雅山的温暖。我们同山水相连的中南半岛各国一道，首次举行澜沧江－湄公河流域合作外长会，正式开启这一新型次区域合作进程。我们加快推进自贸战略，着力打造立足周边、辐射全球的自由贸易网络，中韩、中澳自贸协定相继签署并获批准，中国—东盟自贸协定升级版谈判完成，中新自贸协定升级谈判准备工作加紧推进，RCEP谈判取得重大进展，各方确定2016年完成谈判。
Asia Pacific: President Xi Jinping attended the Asian-African Summit and commemorations of the 60th anniversary of the Bandung Conference, pointing the way of deepening Asia-Africa cooperation, South-South cooperation as well as North-South cooperation in a new era. Premier Li Keqiang visited the Republic of Korea and relaunched the China-Japan-ROK leaders’ meeting which had been put on hold for three years. We successfully hosted Indian Prime Minister Modi’s visit to China, strengthening mutual trust and cooperation between the two major developing countries. When a devastating earthquake hit Nepal, there was an outpouring of sympathy in China towards the people affected by the disaster, and we provided immediate relief assistance to the Nepalese people across the Himalayas. Together with Indochina countries which are China’s close neighbors, we held the first Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, officially launching this new model of sub-regional cooperation process. We have pursued the free trade strategy at a faster pace to build a free trade network with focus on China’s neighbors and covering the whole world. Free Trade Agreements with the Republic of Korea and Australia were signed and approved, negotiations on upgrading China-ASEAN FTA were completed and preparations have been stepped up on upgrading China-Singapore FTA. Major progress has been made in RCEPnegotiations, and all parties agreed to complete negotiations in 2016.
非洲和拉美方向，中非合作论坛峰会首次在非洲举办。习近平主席同非洲50国领导人及非盟委员会主席共聚一堂，全面规划中非未来各领域合作。我们推出旨在增强非洲自主发展能力，解决非洲人民迫切需要的中非“十大合作计划”，不仅使对非合作继续走在国际对非合作的前列，成为中非团结合作的旗帜和南南合作的典范，还把中非友好关系提升到一个新的历史水平。中拉论坛首届部长级会议在华举行，就构建中拉平等互利、共同发展的全面合作伙伴关系达成新的共识，全面启动中拉整体合作机制。李克强总理出访拉美四国，积极对接中拉发展战略，推进“两洋铁路”等中拉产能合作的标志性工程。今年的中国外交以中拉合作论坛开局，以中非合作论坛收官，形成中国同发展中国家合作两翼齐飞的可喜态势。
Africa and Latin America: For the first time, the summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was held in Africa. President Xi Jinping and leaders of 50 African countries as well as the Chairperson of the African Union Commission attended the summit and made a comprehensive decision to boost China-Africa cooperation in all areas. We put forward a ten-point cooperation plan, designed to enhance Africa’s capacity for self-development and meet the pressing need of the African people. This initiative, a banner in China-Africa solidarity and cooperation and a fine example in South-South cooperation, will enable China to continue to lead in international cooperation with Africa and raise China-Africa friendly ties to a new high. The first ministerial meeting of the Forum of China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) was held in China, which produced new consensus on building an all-round China-CELAC cooperative partnership of equality, mutual benefit and common development and launched the all-round China-CELAC cooperation mechanism. Premier Li Keqiang visited four Latin American countries, where he sought to align the development strategies of the two sides and promoted a flagship project in production capacity cooperation, namely, a railway linking the Pacific and the Atlantic. China’s diplomacy this year started with the China-CELAC cooperation forum and concluded with the China-Africa cooperation forum, which created good momentum for China’s cooperation with other developing countries in these two vital regions. |
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